Prelims Current Affairs includes Uchral Nyam-Osor Becomes Mongolia Prime Minister, Min Aung Hlaing Elected Myanmar President, Gaganyaan Mission Mitra In Ladakh, Internet Shutdowns In 2025 Report, Khelo India Tribal Games Conclude With Karnataka On Top, Ncert Granted ‘Deemed University’ Status, Ins Aridhaman – India’s Third Nuclear Submarine, India Ranks 3rd Globally In Renewable Energy Capacity, Sudha Murty Book ‘Tides Of Time’ Released & Himachal Pradesh State Farmers Commission Bill, 2026

APPOINTMENTS

1.  UCHRAL NYAM-OSOR BECOMES MONGOLIA PRIME MINISTER

Current Context: Mongolia’s parliament has confirmed Uchral Nyam-Osor as the country’s new prime minister, marking the third leadership change within nine months.

ABOUT UCHRAL NYAM-OSOR

• Previous Positions:Deputy Prime Minister, Cabinet member, Speaker of Parliament, Chairman of Mongolian People’s Party (MPP)
• Political Stance:Pro-market and reform-oriented
• Context of Appointment:
  • Follows resignation of former PM Zandanshatar Gombojav
  • Prolonged tensions between ruling party, opposition Democratic Party, and dissenting factions within MPP.

ABOUT MONGOLIA

• Type:Landlocked country
• Natural Resources:Rich in mineral resources (especially coal and copper)
• Dominant Political Party:Mongolian People’s Party (MPP)
• Political System:Semi-presidential system (both President and Prime Minister)
• Economic Dependence:Heavily dependent on mining exports, particularly coal
• Next Election:Presidential elections scheduled for 2027

APPOINTMENTS

2.  MIN AUNG HLAING ELECTED MYANMAR PRESIDENT

Current Context: Myanmar’s parliament has elected military leader Min Aung Hlaing as president, consolidating the authority he has held since the 2021 coup that removed the civilian government.

ABOUT MIN AUNG HLAING

• Constitutional Requirement:Stepped down as commander-in-chief before assuming office (constitution bars president from simultaneously serving as military chief)
• Successor as Military Chief: Ye Win Oo (close associate)
• Context:
  • Shift from military chief to president represents change in designation rather than governance
  • Presidential vote followed elections conducted under military supervision (late 2025 and early 2026)
  • Key opposition parties (including National League for Democracy) were either barred or boycotted
• Aung San Suu Kyi:Detained, National League for Democracy was dominant civilian party before coup
• Current Situation:
  • Ongoing clashes between military, pro-democracy groups, and ethnic armed organisations
  • Widespread instability

SPACE

3. GAGANYAAN MISSION MITRA IN LADAKH

Current Context: India’s human spaceflight programme has advanced with the launch of Mission Mitra in Ladakh, involving four astronauts selected for the Gaganyaan mission, aiming to simulate space-like conditions on Earth. 

ABOUT MISSION MITRA

• Full Form:Mapping of Interoperable Traits and Reliability Assessment
• Led by:ISRO’s Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)
• Why Ladakh?
  • Freezing temperatures
  • Low oxygen levels
  • Isolation
  • Serves as ideal analogue for space conditions
• Focus Areas:
  • Psychological resilience and behavioural dynamics
  • How astronauts cope with stress, hypoxia, and prolonged isolation
  • Team cohesion, decision-making under pressure, emotional stability
  • Testing communication and coordination between astronauts and ground support teams
• Simulated Challenges:
  • Delayed communication
  • Limited resources

ABOUT GAGANYAAN

• Type:India’s first human spaceflight programme
• Led by:ISRO
• Lead Body for Crewed Missions:Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)

REPORTS

4. INTERNET SHUTDOWNS IN 2025 REPORT

Current Context: The “Internet Shutdowns in 2025” report was released by Access Now NGO for the Keep It on coalition, revealing a record 313 internet shutdowns globally across 52 countries.

India’s Status:

• Recorded 65 shutdowns – lowest since 2017
• Highest in any democracy
• 2nd highest overall globally
• Concerns Related to Internet Shutdowns:
  • Human Rights Abuses:ICC linked shutdowns to crimes against humanity
  • Governance & Welfare:Disruption of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT)
  • Fundamental Rights:Internet access is part of Article 21 (education & privacy) and Article 19 (trade & commerce). (Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala, 2019) and  Article 19 (Anuradha Bhasin v. UoI) resp.
• Legal Provisions in India:
  • Legal Basis:Telecommunications (Temporary Suspension of Services) Rules, 2024 under Telecommunications Act, 2023
  • Authority:Issued by Union Home Secretary or State Home Secretary
  • Duration Limit:Suspension cannot exceed 15 days
• Section 163 of BNSS:Empowers magistrates to issue orders to maintain public order

SPORTS

5. KHELO INDIA TRIBAL GAMES CONCLUDE WITH KARNATAKA ON TOP

Current Context: The Khelo India Tribal Games concluded in Chhattisgarh.

ABOUT KHELO INDIA TRIBAL GAMES

• Total Participants:Approximately 3,800 athletes from 30 states and Union Territories
• Main Disciplines (7):Archery, Athletics, Football, Hockey, Swimming, Weightlifting, and Wrestling
• Medal Tally – Top Rankings:
  • 1st Place – Karnataka:23 Gold, 8 Silver, 7 Bronze
  • 2nd Place – Odisha:21 Gold, 15 Silver, 21 Bronze
  • 3rd Place – Jharkhand:16 Gold, 8 Silver, 11 Bronze
  • 9th Place – Chhattisgarh (Host):3 Gold, 10 Silver, 6 Bronze

EDUCATION

6. NCERT GRANTED ‘DEEMED UNIVERSITY’ STATUS

Current Context: The Ministry of Education has granted ‘deemed to be university’ status to the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) under a distinct category of institutions.

ABOUT THE STATUS

• Status:‘Deemed to be University’ under a distinct category of institutions
• What ‘Deemed to be University’ Status Means:
  • Granted to institutions demonstrating high standards in teaching and research
  • Provides greater academic freedom compared to regular institutions
• Benefits for NCERT:
  • Authority to design and offer PhD and advanced research programmes
  • Flexibility to introduce innovative academic courses

ABOUT NCERT

• Established:1961
• Type:Autonomous organization
• Major Functions:
  • Developing school textbooks and learning materials
  • Conducting educational research and training programmes
  • Advising governments on education policies and reforms

DEFENCE

7. INS ARIDHAMAN – INDIA’S THIRD NUCLEAR SUBMARINE

Current Context: India has strengthened its strategic deterrence with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, its third indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)

ABOUT INS ARIDHAMAN

• Class:Arihant-class
• Project:Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at Visakhapatnam
• Position:Third vessel in Arihant-class
• INS Arihant:Commissioned in 2016
• INS Arighaat:Inducted in 2024
• INS Aridhaman:Commissioned in 2026
• Features:
  • Bigger and quieter than previous vessels
  • Advanced stealth features
  • Nuclear propulsion
• Strategic Importance:
  • Completes India’s nuclear triad (land, air, and sea-based nuclear delivery systems)
  • Ensures credible second-strike capability
  • Only six countries possess nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (US, Russia, UK, France, China, India)

REPORTS/INDICES

8. INDIA RANKS 3RD GLOBALLY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY

Current Context: According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), India has emerged as the third-largest renewable energy market in the world in 2025, adding around 45 GW of renewable capacity in a single year.

ABOUT THE REPORT

• Total Installed Capacity (2025): 250.5 GW
• Capacity in 2023: 175.9 GW
• Annual Addition (2025): 45 GW
• Energy Mix:
  • Solar Energy:37 GW addition in 2025, India ranked 2nd after China in solar expansion
  • Wind Energy:3 GW addition in 2025
  • Hydropower:Increased from 52 GW (2024) to 56 GW (2025)
  • Pumped Hydro Storage:Grew from 4.7 GW to 7.2 GW
• Global Trends:
  • Total global capacity: 5,149 GW
  • Addition in 2025: 692 GW (15.5% growth)
  • Renewables share: 49.4% of total capacity

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

9. SUDHA MURTY BOOK ‘TIDES OF TIME’ RELEASED

Current Context: Honorable Vice-President of India C. P. Radhakrishnan has released the book ‘Tides of Time: Bharat’s History through Murals in Parliament’ authored by Sudha Murty at Samvidhan Sadan.

ABOUT THE BOOK

• Content:
  • Highlights 124 mural panels installed in Parliament of India
  • Each mural represents different phases of India’s long and diverse history
  • Depicts India’s evolution from ancient to modern world
• Historical Coverage:
  • Indus Valley Civilization
  • Teachings of Maharishi Valmiki, Chanakya, Lord Mahavir Swami, Gautama Buddha
  • Emperor Ashoka’s reign and contributions
  • Legacy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
  • Bhakti Movement
  • Architectural marvels (Konark Sun Temple)
  • India’s freedom struggle (Dandi March)
• India as ‘Mother of Democracy’:
  • Ancient systems like Vaishali’s republican system (north India)
  • Kudavolai system (south India)

HIMACHAL NEWS

10. HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE FARMERS COMMISSION BILL, 2026

Current Context: The Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha has passed the Himachal Pradesh State Farmers Commission Bill, 2026, to establish a Kisan Ayog for addressing farmers’ grievances and assisting in boosting their income.

ABOUT THE BILL

• Purpose of the Commission:
  • Address farmers’ grievances
  • Develop strategies to increase farmers’ income
  • Provide new direction to agriculture sector in the state
• Key Functions:
  • Address complaints of farmers and horticulturists, issue directives to concerned departments for resolution
  • Analyze challenges in agriculture sector and suggest practical solutions
  • Examine distribution system of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural loans
  • Recommend improvements in distribution systems

• Composition of the Commission:
  • Chairman:Person with 25 years of experience in agriculture, horticulture, or animal husbandry (PhD holders will be given preference)
  • Term:5 years
  • Maximum Age:70 years
  • Non-Government Members:Maximum 3 (appointed based on same qualifications)
  • Ex-Officio Members:Vice-Chancellors of Palampur and Nauni universities

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