Prelims Current Affairs includes National Safety Day, National Grammar Day, Eligible Manufacturer Importers (Emi) Scheme, Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Sulphur Dioxide (So₂), Controller General Of Accounts (Cga), Football For Schools (F4s) Programme & Yadava Dynasty (Seuna Dynasty)

IMPORTANT DAY

1. NATIONAL SAFETY DAY

Observed in India on 4 March

• Aim : to promote safety awareness and accident prevention.
• Organised By: National Safety Council of India
• Objective: Promote safety at workplaces and in daily life
• Focus Areas: Industrial safety, road safety, and health protection

IMPORTANT DAY

2. NATIONAL GRAMMAR DAY

Celebrated on 4 March

• Aim : to highlight the importance of correct grammar and language usage.
• Established By: Martha Brockenbrough in 2008
• Organisation: Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar.
• Objective: Promote correct use of grammar and language awareness

SCHEME

3. ELIGIBLE MANUFACTURER IMPORTERS (EMI) SCHEME

Current Context: The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs issued guidelines for the Eligible Manufacturer Importers Scheme to facilitate easier customs procedures for manufacturers.

ABOUT EMI SCHEME

• Launched By: Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs
• Nature: Trust-based trade facilitation initiative
• Objective: Simplify customs procedures and support domestic manufacturing

KEY FEATURES

• Duty Payment: Importers can clear goods without paying customs duty immediately
• Deferred Payment: Duty can be paid monthly under the Deferred Payment of Import Duty Rules, 2016
• Duration: From 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2028

ELIGIBILITY

• Existing Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) entities
• AEO-T1 certified manufacturers including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
• Future Requirement: Approved entities are expected to upgrade to AEO-T2 or AEO-T3 status for greater facilitation

ENVIRONMENT

4. DEBRIGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Current Context: Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha will host the second edition of the Indian Bison Festival.

ABOUT DEBRIGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

• Location: Bargarh district, Odisha
• Nearby Landmark: Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River
• Historical Importance: Associated with freedom fighter Veer Surendra Sai

VEGETATION

• Dominated by mixed and dry deciduous forests
• Important trees include Sal, Asana, Bija and Dhaura

ABOUT INDIAN BISON (GAUR)

• Scientific Name: Bos gaurus
• Family: Bovidae
• Feature: Largest species among wild cattle
• Distribution : Native to South and Southeast Asia
• Conservation status : IUCN Red List: Vulnerable

ENVIRONMENT

5. SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO₂)

Current Context: Recently, some reports highlight the absence of national emission standards for sulphur dioxide from certain steel industry operations in India.

ABOUT SULPHUR DIOXIDE

• Nature: Colourless gas with a strong pungent smell
• Chemical Formula: SO₂
• Property: Easily dissolves in water and forms acidic compounds

MAJOR SOURCES

• Burning of coal and oil in power plants
• Metal smelting and industrial processes
• Volcanic eruptions in natural environment

USES

• Chemical manufacturing
• Paper pulping industry
• Metal and food processing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

• Causes air pollution and acid rain
• Harmful to human respiratory system
• Contributes to climate and ecosystem damage

POLITY

6. CONTROLLER GENERAL OF ACCOUNTS (CGA)

Current Context: The Controller General of Accounts launched two initiatives — the Government Bank Dashboard and the Government Bank Manual — in New Delhi to improve financial monitoring and transparency.

ABOUT CONTROLLER GENERAL OF ACCOUNTS

• Role: Principal Accounting Adviser to the Government of India
• Established: October 1975
• Purpose: Manage the departmentalised accounting system of the Union Government
• Nodal Ministry: Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance

KEY FUNCTIONS

• Government Accounting: Maintains accounts of the Central Government
• Fiscal Analysis: Monitors expenditure, revenue, borrowings and fiscal indicators
• Policy Role: Frames rules and procedures for government accounting
• Financial Control: Oversees receipts, payments and accounting of Central ministries
• Audit Monitoring: Tracks compliance with Public Accounts Committee and CAG recommendations through Audit Para Monitoring System
• Other Responsibility: Manages pension payments of Central Government employees

SPORTS

7. FOOTBALL FOR SCHOOLS (F4S) PROGRAMME

Current Context: Footballs were distributed to students in West Bengal under the Football for Schools initiative to promote sports in education.

ABOUT FOOTBALL FOR SCHOOLS PROGRAMME

• Initiated By: Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in partnership with UNESCO
• Objective: Use football as a tool for education, development and empowerment of children
• Target: Reach around 700 million children worldwide

KEY FEATURES

• Focus: Integrate football activities into school education
• Goal: Promote life skills such as teamwork, discipline and leadership
• Global Alignment: Supports United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIA

• Lead Ministry: Department of School Education and Literacy
• Supporting Bodies: All India Football Federation and Sports Authority of India

HISTORY

8. YADAVA DYNASTY (SEUNA DYNASTY)

Current Context: Archaeologists discovered a twelfth-century stone pillar from the Yadava dynasty near the Vena River in Wardha district of Maharashtra.

ABOUT YADAVA DYNASTY

• Period: Twelfth to fourteenth century
• Region: Deccan region of India
• Capital: Devagiri (later known as Daulatabad)
• Founder of Independent Rule: Bhillama

Important Rulers

• Bhillama: Established power in the Deccan
• Singhana: Expanded the kingdom and strengthened administration
• Ramachandra: Last major ruler before Delhi Sultanate invasion

DECLINE

• The kingdom was attacked by Alauddin Khalji in 1294
• Later annexed by the Khalji Empire in 1317

CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS

• Development of Marathi culture
• Introduction of Hemadpanti architecture, which used stone masonry without mortar

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