Prelims Current Affairs includes Asian and Pacific Centre for Development of Disaster Information Management (APDIM), India Strengthens Textile & Sericulture Ties with Georgia, Abujhmadiya Tribe, Operation Pawan, Exercise Suryakiran – XIX (2025), Fujiwhara Effect, Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS), 1988.

SUMMIT

1. ASIAN AND PACIFIC CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTER INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (APDIM)

Current Context: The 10th Session of APDIM on Inclusive Disaster Risk Data Governance was held in New Delhi to strengthen regional cooperation in disaster data and information management.

ABOUT APDIM
Established: 2015
Type: Regional institution of UN-ESCAP
Headquarters: Tehran, Iran
Governing Council: 8 ESCAP members + Government of Iran
Mandate: Support Asia-Pacific nations in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) through enhanced data management.

INTERNATIONAL

2. INDIA STRENGTHENS TEXTILE & SERICULTURE TIES WITH GEORGIA

Current Context: India and Georgia advanced cooperation in textiles and sericulture after a high-level multi-sectoral meeting.

ABOUT GEORGIA
Location: Transcaucasian region between Asia & Europe
Borders: Russia (N/NE), Azerbaijan (E/SE), Armenia & Turkey (S), Black Sea (W)
Capital: Tbilisi
Highest Peak: Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
Major Rivers: Inguri, Kodori, Mtkvari, Rioni
Resources: Manganese, copper, iron ore, minor coal & oil

GEOGRAPHY

3. ABUJHMADIYA TRIBE

Current Context: The Bastar Olympics showcased increased participation of the Abujhmadiya tribe, highlighting tribal inclusion.

ABOUT ABUJHMADIYA TRIBE
Location: Abujmarh region, Chhattisgarh
Tribal Identity: Sub-group of the Gond tribe
Status: PVTG (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group)
Language: Abuj Maria, Hindi, Chhattisgarhi
Belief System: Animism, nature worship
Traditional Art: Godana tattoo — considered a permanent jewel for women

Festivals:

• Saja Festival — celebrates agriculture & nature spirits
• Bastar Dussehra — rituals, tribal dances, cultural heritage

4. FUJIWHARA EFFECT

Current Context: Two Bay of Bengal cyclones may interact through the Fujiwhara Effect.

ABOUT FUJIWHARA EFFECT

• Defined as interaction where two cyclones rotate around a common centre
• Named after Dr. Sakuhei Fujiwhara (1921)
• Occurs when cyclones are within 1,400 km
• Outcome: Possible merger or altered trajectory

DEFENCE

5. OPERATION PAWAN

Current Context: Chief of Army Staff paid homage to soldiers martyred during Operation Pawan — recognising the mission after decades.

ABOUT OPERATION PAWAN
Launch Year: 1987
Initiated By: Rajiv Gandhi Government
Legal Basis: Indo-Sri Lanka Accord (29 July 1987)
Primary Aim: Disarm LTTE & Tamil militant groups
Goal: Restore peace & stability in Sri Lanka

6. EXERCISE SURYAKIRAN – XIX (2025)

Current Context: 19th edition of Exercise Suryakiran began at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.

ABOUT EXERCISE SURYAKIRAN
Countries: India & Nepal
Objective: Enhance battlefield coordination & interoperability
Training:
1. Jungle & mountain warfare
2. Counter-terrorism operations
3. Drone-based warfare & emerging tech
4. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)

ECONOMY

7. CAPITAL GAINS ACCOUNT SCHEME (CGAS), 1988

Current Context: The 2025 amendment expanded CGAS to private banks & digital platforms.

ABOUT CGAS
Allows deposit of unutilised long-term capital gains for tax exemption
Beneficiaries: Individuals, HUFs, companies, trusts
Condition: Deposit before filing IT returns
Tax Benefit: Treated as reinvestment for exemption

2025 Amendments

• 19 private banks authorised
• Non-rural branches only
• UPI, RTGS, IMPS, NEFT enabled

Significance:

• Easier compliance
• Boosts digital financial inclusion

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