Prelims Current Affairs includes National Education Day, World Pneumonia Day, World’s Billionaire Cities 2025, India’s Unemployment Rate Falls to 5.2% (Q2 2025), ISSF World Championships 2025, Aditya–L1 Mission Tracks Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), Sal Tree Identified as the Best Natural Air Purifier.

IMPORTANT DAYS

1. NATIONAL EDUCATION DAY

Observed every year on November 11
Aim: To honour Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India’s first Education Minister, for his immense contribution to nation-building through education.
First Observed: 2008
Organized By: Ministry of Education, Government of India
Purpose: To commemorate Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s birth anniversary (1888–1958).
Theme 2025: “AI and Education: Preserving Human Agency in a World of Automation”

2. WORLD PNEUMONIA DAY

Observed every year on 12 November
Aim: To raise awareness about pneumonia prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, one of the leading causes of child mortality globally.
Established By: Global Coalition Against Child Pneumonia (2009)
Significance: Encourages countries to adopt stronger immunization and respiratory health programs.

REPORT

3. WORLD’S BILLIONAIRE CITIES 2025

Current Context: According to the Hurun Research Institute, Mumbai and New Delhi have entered the Top 10 Global Billionaire Cities, showcasing India’s growing wealth and economic influence.

Global Rankings 2025

Key Highlights

New York: Retains top position, supported by global financial markets (NYSE, NASDAQ).
London: Continues as Europe’s wealth hub.
Mumbai: Surpasses Beijing and Shanghai; driven by finance, tech, and real estate.
Delhi: Enters top 10 for the first time — reflects growth of startups and family-owned industries.

4. INDIA’S UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FALLS TO 5.2% (Q2 2025)

Current Context: According to MoSPI, India’s unemployment rate fell to 5.2% in Q2 (July–September 2025) from 5.4% in Q1, indicating improvement in labour participation and employment generation.

Key Indicators

Insights

Sectoral Improvement: Growth seen in rural employment and female workforce participation.
Trend: Gradual increase in job absorption and economic activity recovery.
Significance: Reflects positive employment dynamics amid global economic headwinds.

SPORTS

5. ISSF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 2025

Current Context: India’s Samrat Rana (20 years) clinched Gold in the Men’s 10m Air Pistol event at the ISSF World Championships 2025, Cairo, becoming India’s first pistol world champion in an Olympic event.

Highlights

Gold: Samrat Rana (India) – 243.7
Silver: Hu Kai (China) – 243.3
Bronze: Varun Tomar (India) – 221.7
Team Event: India also won Team Gold.

Significance: First-ever pistol gold in an Olympic discipline for India.

SPACE

6. ADITYA–L1 MISSION TRACKS CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS (CMES)

Current Context: Using data from the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) onboard Aditya–L1, scientists from IIA and NASA conducted the world’s first visible-light spectroscopic observation of a CME.

ABOUT ADITYA – L1 MISSION

Launched By: ISRO in 2023 (PSLV–C57)
Objective: Study the Sun’s corona, solar wind, and space weather
Orbit: Halo orbit around Lagrange Point 1 (L1) — 1.5 million km from Earth
Payloads: 7 instruments (VELC, SUIT, ASPEX, etc.)
Mission Life: 5 years

Significance:

• Enhances understanding of solar storms and their impact on Earth.
• Strengthens India’s space-based research capability in solar physics.

ENVIRONMENT

7. SAL TREE IDENTIFIED AS THE BEST NATURAL AIR PURIFIER

Current Context: Researchers at Himachal Pradesh University (HPU) identified the Sal Tree (Shorea robusta) as the most effective natural air purifier for combating pollution.

ABOUT SAL TREE

Nickname: “Sentinel of the Forests”
Distribution: Uttarakhand, UP Terai, Jharkhand, Odisha, MP, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal
Lifespan: Up to 100 years; thrives in warm, humid climates (1,000–3,000 mm rainfall)
Altitude: Up to 1,500 m

Air Purification Properties

• Thick, waxy leaves trap dust and fine particles.
• High chlorophyll content neutralizes CO and SO₂.
• Dense canopy acts as a natural filter.
• Low water needs → ideal for urban and hilly regions.

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