Prelims Current Affairs includes National Milk Day, Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas), Hayli Gubbi Volcano, Exercise AUSINDEX 2025, Australia–Canada–India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership, Sangai Festival, Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI).

IMPORTANT DAYS

1. NATIONAL MILK DAY

Celebrated on 26th November
Aim: To honour Dr. Verghese Kurien, the Father of India’s White Revolution.
Established by: Indian Dairy Association (IDA) in 2014
Objective: Highlight India’s dairy sector & Dr. Kurien’s role in making India the largest milk producer.
Legacy: Founder of Amul; spearheaded Operation Flood.

2. CONSTITUTION DAY (SAMVIDHAN DIVAS)

Constitution Day marks the adoption of the Constitution on 26 November 1949.

ABOUT Constitution Day
Adopted On: 26 November 1949
Came into Effect: 26 January 1950
Purpose: Honour the framers of the Constitution & promote awareness of constitutional values.
Key Architect: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Chairman of Drafting Committee.

PLACE IN NEWS

3. HAYLI GUBBI VOLCANO

Current Context: Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi Volcano erupted for the first time in 10,000 years — a major geological event in the tectonically active Afar region.

ABOUT HAYLI GUBBI VOLCANO

Location: Afar region, 800 km northeast of Addis Ababa, near Eritrean border.
Type: Shield Volcano — broad, dome-shaped, formed by slow lava flows.
Range: Southernmost volcano in Erta Ale Range — known for persistent lava lakes.
Significance: No recorded modern eruptions until this event.

Key Facts about Shield Volcanoes

• Largest volcanoes on Earth
• Formed by repeated basaltic lava eruptions
• Gentle slopes, low explosivity
• Example: Mauna Loa (Hawaii)

ABOUT Ash Cloud

• Formed when volcanic ash, rock & SO₂ rise into atmosphere
• Example: Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
• Impacts aviation & climate

DEFENCE

4. EXERCISE AUSINDEX 2025

Current Context: INS Sahyadri participated in the India–Australia bilateral naval exercise AUSINDEX 2025 in the Northern Pacific Ocean.

ABOUT EXERCISE AUSINDEX
Started: 2015
Nature: Bilateral biennial maritime exercise
Objective: Strengthen naval interoperability & maritime partnership

Other India–Australia Exercises:
AUSTRA HIND – Army
PITCH BLACK – Air Combat
Malabar – Quad Naval Exercise

INTERNATIONAL

5. AUSTRALIA–CANADA–INDIA TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (ACITI) PARTNERSHIP

Current Context: India, Australia & Canada launched ACITI at G20 Johannesburg Summit.

ABOUT ACITI Partnership
Aim: Promote tech cooperation in clean energy, critical minerals & innovation ecosystems.
Focus Areas:
1. AI development
2. Resilient supply chains
3. Green & digital transformation

HISTORY

6. SANGAI FESTIVAL

Current Context: Manipur’s annual Sangai Festival began, celebrating the state’s culture; named after the endangered Sangai deer.

ABOUT Sangai Festival
Named After: Sangai deer (brow-antlered deer) found only in Keibul Lamjao National Park — the world’s only floating national park on Loktak Lake.
Organised By: Government of Manipur
Focus: Culture, tourism, handicrafts, cuisine, eco-adventure
Objective: Boost tourism & cultural unity

ECONOMY

7. INLAND WATERWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (IWAI)

Current Context: IWAI signed multiple MoUs to boost cargo, passenger transport & river tourism in the Northeast.

ABOUT IWAI
Established: 1986
HQ: Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Parent Ministry: Ports, Shipping & Waterways

Mandate:

• Develop & regulate National Waterways
• Build terminals, dredging & navigation aids
• Promote Inland Water Transport (IWT)

Key Facts:
Total Waterways: 111 National Waterways (after National Waterways Act, 2016)
Goal: Integrate river transport with ports, roads & railways for efficient logistics

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