Prelims Current Affairs includes G20, COP30, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Mount Semeru, Hornbill Festival 2025, Government to Release New Series of National Accounts for GDP 2026, UAE Becomes World’s Third-Largest Humanitarian Donor in 2025.

INTERNATIONAL

1. G20

Current Context: South Africa has assumed the G20 Presidency for 2025 with the theme “Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability”, unveiling priorities around disaster resilience, debt relief, climate finance and just energy transitions.
First G20 Summit on African soil, aligning with India’s Global South advocacy.

ABOUT G20:

• World’s premier forum for international economic cooperation.
• Formed in 1999 after the Asian Financial Crisis.
• Members: 19 countries + EU + AU.
• Represents ~85% of global GDP & 75% of world trade.

G20 TROIKA (2024–2026): Brazil (2024), South Africa (2025) & United States (2026)

2. COP30

Current Context: COP30 in Belém, Brazil entered final hours amid global split after draft outcome text removed all references to fossil fuels.

ABOUT COP30 DRAFT OUTCOME:

• Proposed final political declaration by Brazil.
• Removes all references to phasing out fossil fuels., despite support from 80+ countries.
• No fossil fuel timeline or global milestone.
• Pushes for tripling climate finance by 2030.
• Mentions adaptation, NCQG, and ministerial discussions.
• Avoids sensitive climate–trade language.

Significance:

• 29 nations threatened to block draft — one of sharpest divisions in COP history.
• Seen as rollback from COP28’s “transition away from fossil fuels”.

SCHEMES

3. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS)

Current Context: ICDS completes 50 years since its launch in 1975.

ABOUT ICDS:

• India’s largest early childhood care & nutrition programme.
• Provides health, nutrition & preschool education via Anganwadi Centres.
• Launched: 2 Oct 1975 (Dharani & Dharavi).
• Now: ~14 lakh Anganwadi Centres.

Aims:

• Improve nutritional status of 0–6-year-old children
• Lay foundation for psychological, physical & social development
• Reduce child mortality & malnutrition
• Empower mothers with health & nutrition awareness

GEOGRAPHY

4. MOUNT SEMERU

Current Context: Indonesia’s tallest & most active volcano erupted violently, spewing ash 13 km high.

ABOUT MOUNT SEMERU:

• Active stratovolcano; continuous eruptions since 1967.
• Located in Eastern Java (Tengger Volcanic Complex).
• Elevation: 3,676 m
• Known as Mahameru (“Great Mountain”), linked to Hindu mythological Mount Meru.
• Located above Indo-Australian & Eurasian plate subduction zone.

AWARD

5. HORNBILL FESTIVAL 2025

Current Context: Nagaland announces Switzerland and Ireland as partner countries for Hornbill Festival 2025.

Significance:

• Strengthens cultural diplomacy.
• Boosts tourism & international cultural collaborations.
• UK already a partner country for the 2025 edition.

ECONOMY

6. GOVERNMENT TO RELEASE NEW SERIES OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FOR GDP 2026

Current Context: India will adopt a new national accounts series from February 2026 with baseline year 2022–23.

ABOUT:

• National accounts include GDP, GVA & related indicators.
• Revised series captures structural shifts in the economy.
• Conducted by MoSPI.
• Previous base year: 2011–12.
• Advisory Committee chaired by Prof. B.N. Goldar.

RANKING

7. UAE BECOMES WORLD’S THIRD-LARGEST HUMANITARIAN DONOR IN 2025

Current Context: UAE ranks 3rd globally, contributing $1.46 billion in humanitarian aid.

About:

• Accounts for 7.2% of total UN humanitarian aid.
• Top donors (2025): United States, European Union & United Arab Emirates

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