Prelims Current Affairs includes World Kindness Day, World Usability Day, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Exercise Malabar 2025, Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) Report 2025, ‘Sahajeevan’ Project.

IMPORTANT DAYS

1. WORLD KINDNESS DAY

Observed every year on 13 November
Aim : to promote empathy, understanding, and harmony among people.
Introduced By: World Kindness Movement (WKM)
First Observed: 1998

2. WORLD USABILITY DAY

Celebrated globally on the second Thursday of November each year. In 2025 it is celebrated on 13 November.
Aim : to promote the creation of products and services that are easy to use, accessible, and inclusive for all.
Founded By: User Experience Professionals Association (UXPA)
First Observed: 2005
Frequency: Annual (Second Thursday of November)

ENVIRONMENT

3. SOIL ORGANIC CARBON (SOC)

Current Context: Scientists at ICAR developed an agro-ecological base map to study Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) trends and their link with fertilizers, cropping patterns, and land use.

Key Findings

SOC forms ~60% of soil organic matter; higher SOC = better soil fertility.
Negative Correlation: SOC decreases with rising temperature.
Fertilizer Imbalance: Urea-dominant use lowered SOC in Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP.
High SOC: Found in rice–pulse cropping and high-elevation zones.
Low SOC Soils: Show higher micronutrient deficiency.

Recommendations

• Promote carbon sequestration and crop cover plantations.
• Encourage carbon credits for farmers.
• Shift towards balanced fertilizer application.

DEFENCE

4. EXERCISE MALABAR 2025

Current Context: INS Sahyadri participated in Exercise Malabar 2025 at Guam, North Pacific, showcasing India’s maritime interoperability with Quad partners.

ABOUT EXERCISE MALABAR

Initiated: 1992 (India–US bilateral).
Expanded:
1. Japan joined (2015).
2. Australia joined (2020) → Now a Quad exercise.
Aim: Enhance coordination in Indo-Pacific security and maritime operations.
Frequency: Annual (alternating between Indian Ocean & Pacific).

REPORT

5. FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT (FSA) REPORT 2025

Current Context: The World Bank’s Financial Sector Assessment Report (FSA) affirmed that India is on track to become a $30 trillion economy by 2047.

Key Highlights

• India’s financial system now resilient, inclusive, and diversified.
• Digital infrastructure boosted access for all sections of society.
• Capital markets expanded to 175% of GDP (from 144%).
• Welcomed scale-based regulation for NBFCs.

ABOUT FSA & FSAP

Published By: World Bank (under FSAP framework).
FSAP (1999): Joint initiative of IMF–World Bank to assess countries’ financial systems.
Focuses on stability, supervision quality, and crisis management.

POLICY AND PROGRAMME

6. ‘SAHAJEEVAN’ PROJECT

Current Context: The Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) launched the ‘Sahajeevan Project’ for humane management of stray dogs and reduction of dog bite incidents.

ABOUT THE PROJECT

Focus: Humane relocation, vaccination, and sterilisation of stray dogs.
Launched In Line With: Supreme Court directives on managing stray dogs near sensitive areas (schools, hospitals).
Implementing Body: GMC in collaboration with NGO Just Be Friendly.

Achievements & Challenges

• 24,000 dogs sterilised since 2014.
• Challenges: Limited shelters, manpower shortage, and feeding infrastructure.

Significance

• Integrates vaccination, sterilisation, relocation, and feeding into one model.
• Aims to balance public safety and animal welfare.
• May become a model policy for other Indian cities.

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