Prelims Current Affairs includes National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has released data for 2023, Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP), National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, ICAO Council, Jal Prahar 2025, Forbes’ Real-Time Billionaires Tracker and First private-sector helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL).

IMPORTANT DAY

1. WORLD ANIMAL WELFARE DAY

Celebrated: Every year on 4 October.
Aim: To raise awareness about animal rights and to promote global action for their welfare and better treatment.

REPORT

2. NCRB DATA ON CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN (2023)

Current Context: The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has released data for 2023, showing 1,77,335 cases of crimes against children, an increase of 9.2% over 2022.

ABOUT NCRB DATA

• Overall Cases:

  • Total cases: 1,77,335

  • Crime rate: 39.9 per one lakh child population (up from 36.6 in 2022).

• Major Crime Categories:

  • Kidnapping and Abduction: 79,884 cases (45%).

  • POCSO Act cases: 67,694 (38.2%), including 40,434 penetrative sexual assaults.

  • Other crimes: Murders (1,219), abetment to suicide (373), child marriage cases (6,038), child labour cases (1,390).

• Victim Demographics:

  • Below 6 years: 762 victims.

  • 6–12 years: 3,229 victims.

  • 12–16 years: 15,444 victims.

  • 16–18 years: 21,411 victims.

  • Most victims were girls in rape-related cases.

• Regional Trends:

  • Highest cases: Madhya Pradesh (22,393).

  • Next: Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.

  • Assam (10,174 cases) and Bihar (9,906) showed sharp rises.

  • Delhi: 7,769 cases, one of the highest crime rates among Union Territories.

• Police Action:

  • Out of 2,57,756 cases investigated, only 1,12,290 were chargesheeted.

  • Chargesheeting rate: 64.3%

3. NCRB DATA ON ROAD ACCIDENTS (2023)

Current Context: The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reported that more than 1.73 lakh people were killed and 4.47 lakh injured in 4.64 lakh road accidents across India in 2023, showing an increase compared to 2022.

ABOUT NCRB DATA ON ROAD ACCIDENTS

• Overall Numbers:

  • Total accidents: 4,64,029 (17,261 more than 2022).

  • Deaths: 1.73 lakh+.

  • Injuries: 4.47 lakh.

• Time of Accidents:

  • 6–9 p.m.: 20.7% (highest).

  • 3–6 p.m.: 17.3%.

  • 12 noon–3 p.m.: 15%.

• Vehicle Involvement:

  • Two-wheelers: 79,533 deaths (45.8%).

  • Pedestrians: 27,586 deaths (15.9%).

  • SUV/Car/Jeep: 24,776 deaths (14.3%).

  • Highest two-wheeler deaths: Tamil Nadu (11,490) and Uttar Pradesh (8,370).

• Cause-wise Analysis:

  • Speeding: 58.6% (1,01,841 deaths).

  • Dangerous/Overtaking: 23.6% (41,035 deaths).

  • Other causes: Poor weather, alcohol/drugs, animal crossings (4,952 deaths).

• Location of Fatalities:

  • National Highways: 34.6%.

  • State Highways: 23.4%.

  • Maximum highway fatalities: Uttar Pradesh, followed by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh.

• Megacities Data:

  • Total traffic accidents: 69,910.

  • Delhi: 5,715 accidents (highest), with 1,457 deaths.

  • Bengaluru: 4,980 accidents, 915 deaths.

  • Chennai: 3,653 accidents.

  • Jaipur: 848 deaths (third in fatalities).

SPACE

4. INTERSTELLAR MAPPING AND ACCELERATION PROBE (IMAP)

Current Context: NASA has launched the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) to study how solar particles are energized, map the heliosphere’s boundary, and improve space weather forecasting.

ABOUT IMAP

• Purpose:

  • To map the heliosphere (a bubble formed by the Sun’s solar wind).

  • To trace energetic particles and study cosmic rays.

  • To improve forecasting of solar storms and space radiation hazards.

• Location:

  • Placed at the Earth-Sun Lagrange Point 1 (L1), about 1 million miles from Earth toward the Sun.

• Functions:

  • Provides real-time observations of solar wind and space weather.

  • Helps scientists monitor cosmic rays and understand how the heliosphere protects life on Earth.

  • Supports fundamental physics research at both micro and cosmic scales.

• Instruments:

  • Equipped with 10 scientific instruments.

  • Includes energetic neutral-atom detectors (IMAP-Lo, IMAP-Hi, IMAP-Ultra).

  • Instruments study charged particles, interstellar dust, and magnetic fields.

ORGANISATION

5. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)

Current Context: India has been re-elected to Part II of the ICAO Council, strengthening its role in shaping global aviation policies.

ABOUT ICAO

• Establishment: 1944, under the Chicago Convention.

• Type: Specialized UN agency for safe and efficient international aviation.

• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada.

• Members: 193 countries.

GOVERNANCE

• Assembly: Meets once in 3 years, includes all 193 States.

• Council: 36 members, elected for 3 years, acts as the governing body.

FUNCTIONS

• Sets aviation safety and security standards.

• Promotes efficient and eco-friendly aviation.

• Acts as a platform for discussion and agreements among countries.

• Works on aviation law and regulations to ensure safety and cooperation.

DEFENCE

6. JAL PRAHAR 2025

Current Context: The Indian Navy and Indian Army successfully conducted the ‘Jal Prahar 2025’ joint amphibious exercise along the eastern seaboard to boost operational readiness.

ABOUT JAL PRAHAR 2025

• Nature:

  • A biannual joint amphibious exercise.

  • Focus on coordination, interoperability, and maritime security.

• Phases:

  • Harbour Phase (Visakhapatnam): Training, safety briefings, onboard induction of troops, camaraderie activities.

  • Sea Phase (Kakinada): Execution of amphibious operations, hard beaching, launch of LCAs (Landing Craft Assault) and BMPs, validation of SOPs.

PERSON IN NEWS

7. ELON MUSK BECOMES FIRST PERSON WORTH $500 BILLION

Current Context: Tesla CEO Elon Musk has officially become the first person in history to reach a net worth of $500.1 billion (October 2025), according to Forbes’ Real-Time Billionaires Tracker.

ABOUT ELON MUSK’S WEALTH MILESTONE

• Historical Firsts:

  • Crossed $400 billion in December 2024.

  • Crossed $500 billion in October 2025.

• Comparison:

  • Musk is $150 billion ahead of Larry Ellison (Oracle co-founder), the world’s second-richest person.

• Major Companies Driving Wealth:

  • Tesla (electric vehicles and clean energy).

  • SpaceX (space exploration and satellite launches).

  • xAI (artificial intelligence venture).

MISC

8. INDIA’S FIRST PRIVATE HELICOPTER ASSEMBLY LINE

Current Context: The Tata Group, in partnership with Airbus, is setting up India’s first private-sector helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) at Vemagal, Karnataka, to produce Airbus H125 helicopters.

ABOUT THE HELICOPTER ASSEMBLY LINE

• Nature of Project:

  • Facility will assemble, test, and deliver civil and military versions of H125.

  • Will address domestic needs and South Asian export markets.

• Partnership Background:

  • Based on Airbus–Tata agreement signed in January 2024 during French President Macron’s visit.

  • Follows earlier Airbus–Tata collaboration on the C295 military aircraft facility in Vadodara, Gujarat.

  • Marks Airbus’ second major manufacturing venture in India.

ABOUT H125 HELICOPTER

• Global Recognition:

  • Member of Airbus’ Ecureuil family with 40 million+ flight hours.

  • Only helicopter to land on Mount Everest.

  • Widely used in civil, para-public, and military operations.

INDIA’S POSITION IN GLOBAL AVIATION MARKET

• Airbus sourcing from India: $1.4 billion annually (aerostructures, systems).

• Aircraft orders: Airbus and Boeing together have over 1,100 orders from Indian carriers.

• Significance: The project may catalyze India’s civil helicopter market, long constrained by policy hurdles and high costs.

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