Explanation:
● Economic liberalization in India began with substantial changes in the industrial licensing policy.
● The economic reforms initiated in 1991 under the leadership of then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh marked a significant shift from a controlled and regulated economy to a more open and market-oriented one.
● This included reducing industrial licensing requirements, dismantling trade barriers, and encouraging foreign direct investment.

Explanation:
Statement 1: Correct.
● Foreign Exchange Reserves include holdings of foreign currencies, among other assets.
Statement 2: Correct.
● Gold reserves are a component of Foreign Exchange Reserves.
Statement 3: Incorrect.
● SDRs are an international reserve asset created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), not the World Bank.
Statement 4: Incorrect.
● The primary purposes of holding Foreign Exchange Reserves include stability of currency, trade balance management, and crisis preparedness, not profit maximization through currency trading.

Explanation:
● In terms of balance of payments foreign loans, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment etc. constitute capital accounts while private remittances are part of the current account.
● The current account represents a country's net income over a period of time, while the capital account records the net change of assets and liabilities during a particular year.

Explanation:
Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
Scurvy is a clinical syndrome resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is essential for the growth and repair of skin, cartilage, bone, and teeth. In addition, it has significant antioxidant properties that protect cells from free radical damage. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Explanation:
Freon is a non-flammable aliphatic gasoline which is used in refrigerators and air conditioners as the supply of Chlorine. Freon is a lower toxic gasoline which is also used as aerosol propellant.
In the case of air, the conditioner Freon is located inside the copper coil of the air conditioner. Freon absorbs warmth from the inside of the room. After absorption of warmth freon is transferred from to high- stress liquid from low-pressure gas. Then the component of the air conditioner transfers the front side over the blowing fan. The fridge pumps out the warmth from inside to the backyard by using a warmth pump. Freon is used in the fridge to absorb warmness from the interior to exhaust outside.
Both chlorofluorocarbon and hydro chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for producing greenhouse gases and harm the ozone layer. Hydrofluorocarbons are tons safer than chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.

Explanation:
Bauxite is the most important ore of aluminum. It contains only 30–54% alumina, Al2O3. The rest is a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide along with trace amounts of zinc, phosphorous, nickel, vanadium etc.
Bauxite is used in a lot of industries like the chemical industry, refractory, abrasive, cement, steel, and petrol industry amongst others. In chemical, bauxite along with alumina is used in the manufacturing of aluminium chemicals. In refractory, it is used as a raw material for making several products.

Explanation:
Double Fortified Salt (DFS) is an innovative new fortified food product - delivering small but crucial amounts of iodine and iron to human beings through their diet. In general, DFS formulations are intended to provide 100% of daily dietary iodine requirement, and ~30 to 60% of daily dietary iron requirement. Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron could be a sustainable approach to combat iodine and iron deficiencies. India's National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) has pioneered the development of double fortified salt (DFS). NIN has also taken the initiative to transfer the technology to iodized salt manufacturers in the country and provides continuous quality control support. The Micronutrient Initiative has developed DFS with encapsulated iron. In 2009, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has endorsed the addition of iron in double fortified salt at 0.8-1.1 mg/g of salt.

Explanation:
All the statements are correct.
• The Chambal is the chief tributary of the Yamuna River and rises in the Vindhyas Range just south of Mhow, western Madhya Pradesh state.
• Son originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, east of river Narmada.
• Saryu (Sarju) is a Himalayan river which flow in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the Vedas and the Ramayana.

Explanation:
The Basel Convention (1989) is a transnational treaty adopted by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in 1989. It stands for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. The primary focus of the Basel Convention is on preventing the transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries and reducing the movement of hazardous waste between nations.
However, Basel Convention does not control the movement of radioactive waste. The primary aim of this convention is to protect the human environment from the ill effects of hazardous waste at the global level. Below you will learn about the objectives, aspects, and functions of the Basel Convention and other essential information.

Explanation:
Bhadrakali temple nearly 400 year old temple is a leaning temple located in the Sarah area of Kangra district.This temple got tilted on its foundation after 1905 earthquake and still lying in this position for over 100years without any major damage.