Explanation:
This treaty strengthened the trade relations between Tibet and Rampur Bushahr.Lavi fair is outcome of this treaty.

Explanation:
Rawingarh and Dhadi Thakurais were made subordinate to Jubbal princely state in 1896. Narendra Mandal came into existence in 1921.

Explanation:
Shri Sita Ram founded the Dhami Prem Pracharini Sabha in July 1939 AD.

Explanation:
Minjar fair begins on second Sunday of Sawan month in Chamba. Arki school of painting deals with Nayak-Nayika theme of Rasikpriya of Keshavdas.

Explanation:
Kamilaga pass connects Kinnaur with Garhwal. Nalgaon pass connects Kinnaur with Garhwal.

Explanation:
● Lower TFR is associated with better family planning and can contribute to improved human development outcomes.

● Increase in female literacy rate is an important indicator as education, particularly for females, is linked to various aspects of human development, including economic and social well-being.

● Increase in life expectancy rate is commonly used as an indicator of human development, reflecting improvements in healthcare, nutrition, and overall living conditions.

Increase in crude death rate:
● The increase in crude death rate is not typically used as a direct indicator of human development. A decrease in the death rate is generally associated with development, but crude death rate alone may not capture the comprehensive aspects of human development.

Explanation:
The Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) is a collaborative initiative between India and Japan  aimed at fostering economic and regional connectivity between Asia and Africa.
● The AAGC is often viewed as a strategic initiative by India and Japan to counterbalance China's ambitious One Belt One Road (OBOR) project, which involves infrastructure development and connectivity across Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Explanation:
● The Captive Employment Initiative was launched by the Central Government under the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Kaushalya Yojana.
● Under this initiative, captive employers will train rural poor youth and provide them with jobs in their company or subsidiary.

Explanation:
● The Department of Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare is hosting the Anubhav Awards 2023 Ceremony in New Delhi.
● The Anubhav Portal, initiated in March 2015 following the directive of the Prime Minister, offers a digital platform for retiring or retired government employees to present and highlight their noteworthy contributions, share their experiences of government service, and provide recommendations for enhancing governance.

Explanation:
Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators are classified on the basis of conductivity/resistivity. Conductors possess very low resistivity (or high conductivity). Semiconductors have resistivity or conductivity intermediate to conductors and insulators. Insulators have high resistivity (or low conductivity). Thus resistivity of semiconductors is more than conductors but less than insulators.Hence statement 1 is not correct.
Semiconductors can be : Elemental semiconductors: Silicon(Si) and Germanium(Ge)
Compound semiconductors: Examples are: Inorganic: cds, gaas, cdse, inp, etc.And Organic: anthracene, doped pthalocyanines, etc.
Organic polymers: polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, etc.
Most of the currently available semiconductor devices are based on elemental semiconductors Si or Ge
And compound inorganic semiconductors. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: Since the Sun is a ball of gas/plasma, it does not have to rotate rigidly like the solid planets and moons do. In fact, the Sun’s equatorial regions rotate faster (taking only about 24 days) than the polar regions (which rotate once in more than 30 days).
o This differential rotation persists to about a third of the way inside the Sun, where the rotation becomes uniform from pole to pole.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Sunspots are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun. They appear dark because they are cooler than other parts of the Sun’s surface. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots.

Explanation:
The red color of blood is due to the presence of hemoglobin. It is an iron-rich compound and provides red color to red blood cells. They are responsible for red color of blood. White blood cells are colorless due to the lack of hemoglobin. White blood cells are also known as Leucocytes. Hence statement 1 is correct.
The lines of defense against diseases:
The first line of defense (or outside defense system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are Always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, Sweating etc.
The second line of defense is a group of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body.
This is the immune system.The cells involved are white blood cells (leukocytes), which seek out and Destroy disease-causing organisms or substances. Hence statement 2nd is not correct.
If the pathogens are able to get past the first line of defense, for example, through a cut in your skin, and An infection develops, the second line of defense becomes active. Through a sequence of steps called the Immune response, the immune system attacks these pathogens.

Explanation:
• The prokaryotic cells are represented by bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma and PPLO (PleuroPneumonia Like Organisms). They are generally smaller and multiply more rapidly than the eukaryotic Cells.
• Prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane except in mycoplasma. The fluid matrix Filling the cell is the cytoplasm. There is no well-defined nucleus. The genetic material is basically naked, Not enveloped by a nuclear membrane. In addition to the genomic DNA (single chromosome/circular DNA), many bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. This smaller DNA are called Plasmids. No organelles, like the ones in eukaryotes, are found in prokaryotic cells except for Ribosomes. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• The eukaryotes include all the protists, plants, animals and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, there is an extensive compartmentalisation of cytoplasm through the presence of membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells possess an organised nucleus with a nuclear envelope. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• In addition, eukaryotic cells have a variety of complex locomotory and cytoskeletal structures. Their Genetic material is organised into chromosomes. All eukaryotic cells are not identical. Plant and animal Cells are different as the former possess cell walls, plastids and a large central vacuole which are absent in Animal cells. On the other hand, animal cells have centrioles which are absent in almost all plant cells.

Explanation:
India is on track to operationally deploy its own long-range air defense system by 2028-29. This indigenous system is designed to detect and destroy a wide array of threats, including stealth fighters, aircraft, drones, cruise missiles, and precision-guided munitions at ranges of up to 350 km. The ambitious project, known as Project Kusha, is under the purview of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LR-SAM) is being developed to provide interception capabilities similar to the Russian S-400 Triumf air defense system recently inducted by the Indian Air Force (IAF).

Explanation:
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin launched ‘Meendum Manjappai’ scheme to reduce the use of  plastic bags, replacing them with cloth bags in 2021. Recently, the Tamil Nadu state environment department has opened a ‘Meendum Manjappai’ kiosk worth 25 lakh at Besant Nagar beach, Chennai, to create awareness on plastic pollution and to enforce the ban on single-use plastic. It has a cloth bag vending slot and a plastic bottle-crushing machine.

Explanation:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina together inaugurated the Agartala-Akhaura cross-border rail link project.
This railway connection is expected to enhance cross-border trade and substantially decrease the travel time between Agartala and Kolkata via Dhaka.

Explanation:
Two Indian cities, Gwalior and Kozhikode, have recently become part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.
Madhya Pradesh’s Gwalior made the cut in the ‘Music’ category, while Kerala’s Kozhikode has earned its place in the list in the ‘Literature’ category. Globally, 55 cities joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day, which was observed on October 31.

Explanation:
The most recent assessment on agricultural policy and support worldwide by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has highlighted that in 2022, Indian farmers incurred an implicit tax of $169 billion.
This tax was a result of export bans, duties, or permits imposed on various commodities, including wheat and rice, in an effort to stabilize prices for consumers. As a consequence of these measures, the overall market price support (MPS) for farmers in 2022 turned negative.

Explanation:
Virat Kohli equals record of Indian cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar at 49 ODI centuries. He also becomes the second batter, after Sachin Tendulkar (6976), to score 6000 runs in ODIs in India. It took Tendulkar 451 ODI innings to get to 49 tons while Virat Kohli reached the milestone in just his 277th innings, in his 289th match.

Explanation:
● Economic liberalization in India began with substantial changes in the industrial licensing policy.
● The economic reforms initiated in 1991 under the leadership of then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh marked a significant shift from a controlled and regulated economy to a more open and market-oriented one.
● This included reducing industrial licensing requirements, dismantling trade barriers, and encouraging foreign direct investment.

Explanation:
Statement 1: Correct.
● Foreign Exchange Reserves include holdings of foreign currencies, among other assets.
Statement 2: Correct.
● Gold reserves are a component of Foreign Exchange Reserves.
Statement 3: Incorrect.
● SDRs are an international reserve asset created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), not the World Bank.
Statement 4: Incorrect.
● The primary purposes of holding Foreign Exchange Reserves include stability of currency, trade balance management, and crisis preparedness, not profit maximization through currency trading.

Explanation:
● In terms of balance of payments foreign loans, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment etc. constitute capital accounts while private remittances are part of the current account.
● The current account represents a country's net income over a period of time, while the capital account records the net change of assets and liabilities during a particular year.

Explanation:
Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
Scurvy is a clinical syndrome resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is essential for the growth and repair of skin, cartilage, bone, and teeth. In addition, it has significant antioxidant properties that protect cells from free radical damage. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Explanation:
Freon is a non-flammable aliphatic gasoline which is used in refrigerators and air conditioners as the supply of Chlorine. Freon is a lower toxic gasoline which is also used as aerosol propellant.
In the case of air, the conditioner Freon is located inside the copper coil of the air conditioner. Freon absorbs warmth from the inside of the room. After absorption of warmth freon is transferred from to high- stress liquid from low-pressure gas. Then the component of the air conditioner transfers the front side over the blowing fan. The fridge pumps out the warmth from inside to the backyard by using a warmth pump. Freon is used in the fridge to absorb warmness from the interior to exhaust outside.
Both chlorofluorocarbon and hydro chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for producing greenhouse gases and harm the ozone layer. Hydrofluorocarbons are tons safer than chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.

Explanation:
Bauxite is the most important ore of aluminum. It contains only 30–54% alumina, Al2O3. The rest is a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide along with trace amounts of zinc, phosphorous, nickel, vanadium etc.
Bauxite is used in a lot of industries like the chemical industry, refractory, abrasive, cement, steel, and petrol industry amongst others. In chemical, bauxite along with alumina is used in the manufacturing of aluminium chemicals. In refractory, it is used as a raw material for making several products.

Explanation:
Double Fortified Salt (DFS) is an innovative new fortified food product - delivering small but crucial amounts of iodine and iron to human beings through their diet. In general, DFS formulations are intended to provide 100% of daily dietary iodine requirement, and ~30 to 60% of daily dietary iron requirement. Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron could be a sustainable approach to combat iodine and iron deficiencies. India's National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) has pioneered the development of double fortified salt (DFS). NIN has also taken the initiative to transfer the technology to iodized salt manufacturers in the country and provides continuous quality control support. The Micronutrient Initiative has developed DFS with encapsulated iron. In 2009, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has endorsed the addition of iron in double fortified salt at 0.8-1.1 mg/g of salt.

Explanation:
All the statements are correct.
• The Chambal is the chief tributary of the Yamuna River and rises in the Vindhyas Range just south of Mhow, western Madhya Pradesh state.
• Son originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, east of river Narmada.
• Saryu (Sarju) is a Himalayan river which flow in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the Vedas and the Ramayana.

Explanation:
The Basel Convention (1989) is a transnational treaty adopted by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in 1989. It stands for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. The primary focus of the Basel Convention is on preventing the transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries and reducing the movement of hazardous waste between nations.
However, Basel Convention does not control the movement of radioactive waste. The primary aim of this convention is to protect the human environment from the ill effects of hazardous waste at the global level. Below you will learn about the objectives, aspects, and functions of the Basel Convention and other essential information.

Explanation:
Bhadrakali temple nearly 400 year old temple is a leaning temple located in the Sarah area of Kangra district.This temple got tilted on its foundation after 1905 earthquake and still lying in this position for over 100years without any major damage.

Explanation:

Nirmand plate in Kullu district made up of copper belongs to 7th century AD.The name of ‘Mahasamanta Maharaja Vermasen’ is mentioned on the plate.

Explanation:

The European traveller Foster travelled from Nahan to Jammu via Nurpur around 1783 AD.

Explanation:
Suketi fossil park is located on the bank of Markanda river.
Daranghati sanctuary is situated in Rampur tehsil of district Shimla.

Explanation:
The International Conference on Green Hydrogen is scheduled to take place in New Delhi from July 5 to 7, 2023.
The primary objective of the conference is to establish a comprehensive Green Hydrogen Ecosystem and accelerate progress towards global decarbonization goals by leveraging the potential of Green Hydrogen.

Explanation:
International Pineapple Day is celebrated on June 27th each year to honor and appreciate the tropical fruit.
One of the finest varieties of pineapple called Queen Pineapple is particularly grown in Tripura. Another famous variety of pineapple that is grown in the state is Queue.

Explanation:
The Greater Chennai Police has introduced the country’s first ‘Police Drone Unit’ in order to conduct aerial surveillance in the capital city of Tamil Nadu.
The unit consists of nine drones across three categories, operated by 20 trained police personnel.

Explanation:
The World Health Organization’s cancer research division has intended to classify the widely used sugar substitute aspartame as “potentially carcinogenic to humans.”. The official declaration is expected in the upcoming months.
Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages.

Explanation:
The ‘Quadripartite’ — comprising the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) — released the One Health Priority Research Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance through a webinar.
The organisations work specifically in the areas of human, animal, plant, and environmental health. WHO also launched a global research agenda for AMR in human health recently.

Explanation:
According to the World Investment Report 2023 by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the total amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing Asian countries stayed at USD 662 billion in 2022.
This shows no significant change compared to the previous year. This figure, although representing approximately half of the worldwide inflows, remained constant.

Explanation:
Market Yard of National Importance (MNI) platform aims to allow farmers from participating states to sell their surplus produce across state borders, creating digital ecosystems that utilize the expertise of different segments in the agriculture value chain.
An Expert Committee recently submitted a report on the MNI platform, recommending the implementation framework, legal framework, inter-state license reciprocity, dispute resolution mechanism, and rollout strategy.